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  • Shaping techniques > Metals
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      • Actividades
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          4. Shaping techniques

          Talking book
          image
          Metal is sold in sheets, plates, bars (triangular, square, cylindrical, hexagonal), or as pipes, wire...
          image
          Apollo in the Forge of Vulcan. Diego Velázquez, 1630

          To make pieces for sale or for industry, the metal goes through a series of shaping processes, depending on the type of metal and what we want to make.

          4.1. Shaping

          Talking book

          These are techniques used to change the shape of the piece of metal by applying an external force. It can be done when the metal is hot or at room temperature.

          Rolling

          image

          The unprocessed metal is passed through a series of rollers that compress it, reduce its thickness and increase its length. It's usually done when the metal is hot.

          Uses: Sheets, plates, bars ...

          Extrusion

          image

          The heated metal is pushed through a hole by a piston, using compression.

          Uses: Bars, tubes and other shapes.

           

          Forging

          The metal piece is shaped by repeated and continuous compression forces using hammers, tongs and anvils.

          Manual forging has been replaced by industrial or mechanical forging. The piece is placed on a platform that acts as an anvil. Using a pneumatic or hydraulic machine, the hammer rises and falls onto the piece again and again. Forging is usually carried out when the piece is hot.

          Uses: Railings, bed headboards, horseshoes, keys, tools, nails, screws, rivets, engine pieces ...

          image

          Press forging

          image

          The heated metal is placed between two dies, one fixed and the other mobile. The dies are the shape of the object we want to make. They are pressed together so that the piece takes the shape of the die.

          Uses: Car body parts, radiators ...

           

           

          Punching

          image

          This is a cold forging process: a sheet of metal is hit with a punch to make the required shape in a mould.

          Uses: Hollow pieces, such as bearings, from flat pieces.

           

          Bending

          image

          A metal sheet is subjected to force to make a curved shape with a specific curve radius.

          Uses: Curved pieces or with angles.

           

          Wire drawing

          image

          A wire is pulled through a hole that has the required dimensions. A rotating drum is used to pull it through the hole to increase its length while reducing its diameter.

          Uses: Metal strings and wires.

          image
          Animation 2. Shaping techniques: shaping

          4.2. Casting

          Talking book
           
           

          Shaping processes produce pieces for sale and for industry.

          • Shaping: The piece of metal is modified by applying an external force. There are different techniques according to the shape that needs to be made.
          • Moulding: Consists of pouring molten metal into a mould, whose inside cavity is the same shape as the shape we want to make.

          Molten metal is poured into a container with a hollow space inside, which is the shape of the object we want to make. The mould can be made from sand, steel or cast iron.

          1. The metal is heated in a furnace.
          2. The liquid metal is poured into the mould.
          3. It is left to cool down.
          4. The piece is removed from the mould.

          Uses: Engine blocks, fire hydrants, small parts and alloys with low melting points, ornaments, jewellery, sculptures and dental implants.

          image
          image
          Animation 3. Shaping techniques: casting

           

          1

          Activity 19
          Why do metal pieces sold for construction have so many different shapes (round, square, I-shaped, H-shaped)?

          2

          Activity 20
          Look for information about the era when this picture was painted. What metal are they forging? What tools did they have back then?

          3

          Activity 21
          Of all the shaping techniques you have read about, which one do you think is used to make drinks cans?

          4

          Activity 22
          Which shaping techniques are used to make these objects?

           
          Shaping techniques
          Metals
          Without background sound
          Logo

          Activity 19

          0/1
          Why do metal pieces sold for construction have so many different shapes (round, square, I-shaped, H-shaped)? 
           
          • Different shapes are determined by the desired economic cost.

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • Different shapes determine different uses.

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • Different shapes are determined by different uses.

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          Formas comerciales
          Formas comerciales

            3 attempts
          Done
          Shaping techniques
          Metals
          Without background sound
          Logo

           

          0/4
          Why do you think one is chosen over another?
          • According to its its resistance to certain types of stress

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • According to its lightness

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • According to its electric conductivity

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • According to its type of joint and how easy it is to assemble it

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • According to its dimensions

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer

            3 attempts
          Done
          Shaping techniques
          Metals
          Without background sound
          Logo

          Activity 20

          P
          Look for information about the era when this picture was painted. What metal are they forging? What tools did they have back then?
          La fragua de Vulcano. Diego Velázquez, 1630.
          La fragua de Vulcano. Diego Velázquez, 1630.

            1 attempt
          Done
          Shaping techniques
          Metals
          Without background sound
          Logo

          Activity 21

          0/3
          Of all the shaping techniques you have read about, which one do you think is used to make drinks cans?
          • Rolling

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • Extrusion

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • Forging

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • Torsion

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • Punching

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • Bending

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer
          • Wire drawing

          • Correct answer
            Wrong answer

            3 attempts
          Done
          Shaping techniques
          Metals
          Without background sound
          Logo

          Activity 22

          0/4
          Which shaping techniques are used to make these objects?
          • Wire drawing

          • Bending

          • Extrusion

          • Rolling

          Done