Activity bank.

Match the following elements of our body with the correct level.

DNA
Carbon atoms
Glucose
Neuron
Circulatory system
Heart
Egg

When does a biomolecule have a reserve function? What organic biomolecules have this type of function?

Explain what a carbohydrate is. What bioelements appear in the formula of these biomolecules? What functions do the carbohydrates perform?

Complete the following text to define what is a eukaryotic cell and what three parts make up the structure of a eukaryotic cell.

The cell is a cell that has its protected within a membrane structure or nucleus, and is larger and more complex than the cell. The eukaryotic cell has parts:

1. . It consists of a bilayer with embedded proteins. It controls the movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the external environment.

2. . It is formed by an aqueous medium called and various organelles. The cytoskeleton is also found in the cytosol, made up of filaments and tubules that shape the cell and support the movement of organelles.

3. . This structure protects the DNA. It is bordered by a double and crossed by a large number of pores. The DNA is associated with protein forming dense masses called chromatin. When the cell is going to divide, the chromatin organises itself into .

Indicate which organelles do not have a membrane.

Indicate in which organelles the proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are synthesised.

Proteins are synthesized in the . Next they move to the rough reticulum where they are stored and transported. are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which also functions as storage.

These lipid molecules sometimes bind to certain from the rough reticulum. Carbohydrates are synthesized in the apparatus. Here they receive substances from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to modify them. Ultimately they are released through small produced by the Golgi apparatus.

Describe the organelles marked on this cell and indicate the function of each.

Use the Internet to look for information about the prokaryotic cell: explain its characteristics, its size and its internal structure. Write an example of this type of cell.

Match the three essential functions that all living beings perform with their definition.

Nutrition
Interaction
Reproduction

Organisms acquire the necessary material and energy to create its body and carry out its vital functions.
Organisms capture stimuli from their environment and emit appropriate responses.
Living beings create new individuals from the same species.

Complete the following drawing representing cellular respiration. Explain what is obtained in this metabolic process. Which organelles do this? What can happen if you decrease the number of these organelles?

Cell division takes place in two phases: mitosis and cytokinesis; what processes take place in each of these two phases?

What are the most common tissues that make up an organ?

Indicate the name and function of these organelles.

A:

Function:

B:

Function:

C:

Function:

Look at this diagram and answer.

a) What cell function or process does it show?

b) Put the different phases of the process into order.

c) Explain what is happening in phase D.

Go to the website of the Asociacion Española de Bancos de Tejidos and find the section on Información general. Read it and answer the questions.

a) Who can donate human tissue?

b) Which tissues can be donated?

c) What are donated tissues used for? Give three examples.

d) What preventive measures are taken with tissues that are removed?

e) Would you give your consent to be a tissue donor? Discuss your reply.

Watch the video below and answer the questions.

a) What elements are we made from?

b) What did these elements transform into after 3.8 billion years?

c) How many cells are there in a human being approximately?

d) What percentage of our genetic information is common to all people?

e) According to the documentary, what cells, organs, tissues or systems work in coordination to wake us up in the morning?

f) What systems do the organs mentioned in the previous answer belong to?

The lifespan of human cells varies. Some only live a few weeks, such as red blood cells, and others last throughout our life, such as neurons. However, on average, a human cell lives from seven to ten years. When a cell dies it is
replaced with a new one formed by cell division. Different factors are involved in the control of this process: some that induce division and others that inhibit it.

a) During cell division, each daughter cell receives approximately half the mitochondria, vacuoles, etc. that were found in the initial cell. However, it does not receive half the DNA, but will have the same amount as the stem cell. What process means that the same amount of DNA is maintained generation after generation?

b) What disease is caused when cells start to divide continuously because the inhibitors of mitotic division disappear?

The cells within our body vary a lot, whether it's their shape, their size or their function. Some neurons in the legs, for example, can reach over a metre; however, most cells are very small. Therefore, a human egg has a diameter of about 150 μm (1 μm = 10^–6 m), while the sperm has an average length of 50 μm in comparison.

a) How many μm does one mm contain?

b) Deduce the approximate diameter of the red blood cell, white blood cell and the oral mucosa cell and express it in millimetres.

c) Calculate by what proportion an egg is larger than a sperm cell.

d) Calculate by what proportion an egg is larger than a red blood cell.

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